The Polaroid Amateur

The owner of a small bookstore got a surprise
when he opened this one. Link to the story in references.

Back before digital cameras and cell phones; before jpegs and Photoshop and before the internet -hell, way back before the Commodore 64 even introduced the concept of a home computer- there was basically one way for the masses to take dirty pictures without having to explain themselves to the little old lady who ran the Kodak film developer at the neighborhood drug store. And that, my friends, was the amazing Polaroid.

To the best of my knowledge the photos used in this article are all scanned Polaroid instant prints with minimal editing -at least by me- in order to preserve the authentic colors of the film. I have taken the liberty of framing some of them in order to maintain consistency.

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Edwin Herbert Land (May 7, 1909 – March 1, 1991) produced the first commercial instant camera in 1948, a year after unveiling instant film in New York City. The original cameras utilize a bellows which folded into the body and a series of doors or panels integrated into the back cover: the film is loaded on two spools, one with the negative and the other with the positive paper and reagent pods.

Both rolls are placed inside the camera body and the first cover was closed with the film cover sheet (printed with handy loading instructions!) exposed: once this sheet was pulled out the camera was ready for the first exposure. After the photo was taken a lock on the back of the camera is released and the tab on the first film "sandwich" is pulled through, compressing the interior package between two rollers which began the print developing process. The allotted development time is waited out, the print compartment panel on the back of the camera was opened, the print was torn out along its perforated edges and then coated with fixer which was supplied  in a separate applicator.

Above: early series 40 Roll Film

In 1965 the Polaroid Model 20 "Swinger" came out, basically revamping the entire camera. The bellows was replaced by a fixed focus lens in a stylish black and white plastic body; a simple exposure meter was added and the front of the camera had a built in reflector for AG-1 flashbulbs. The Swinger still used roll film, but it was developed outside the camera and the negative and print were manually pulled apart.
At $19.95 (the "model 20" referred to their target price of under $20 USD) it was the first truly inexpensive instant camera, and it literally exploded onto the market with a marketing campaign aimed at the younger generation; over its 5 year run production was probably in the millions but nobody seems to know the exact figures. In The Land List, Martin Kuhn states estimated production simply as "a whole bunch": until pack film eventually made it obsolete in 1970 the Swinger was the most popular camera on the planet.

Polaroid roll film went through many revisions notable primarily for their sizes: the earliest was the 3 1/4" x 4 1/4" (2 7/8" x 3 3/4" image area) Series 40 orthochromatic (sepia tone) ASA 100. Series 40 film was produced from 1948 until 1992 with various ASA ratings up to 3000: a panchromatic (black and white) version was released in 1955 with the first color version, Polacolor ASA 75 finally developed in 1963.
Series 30 2 1/2" x 3 1/4" roll film (2 1/8" x 2 7/8" image area) was introduced in 1954, and Series 20 2 1/2" x 3 1/4" (2 1/8" x 2 7/8" image area) was introduced in 1965 specifically for the Swinger camera.

Above: Series 100/660 

 In 1963 Polaroid introduced Pack film, beginning with the 100/660 series 3 1/4" x 4 1/4" (2 7/8" x 3 3/4" image area). Like the Series 20 Swinger film it developed outside of the camera, but instead of two separate rolls the film was provided in a compact, easy loading cartridge with 8 exposures. A square format Series 80 3 1/4" x 3 3/8" pack film (2 3/4" x 2 7/8" image area) was released in 1971 for the Colorpack camera series.

 Finally, the SX-70 3 1/8" x 3 1/8" integral print films came out, which did away with the peel-apart film sandwich altogether: the 10 print cartridge included a self-contained battery and pictures developed automatically in broad daylight. The SX-70 cameras were fairly high end, with a folding body finished in brushed chrome and genuine leather panels but they were soon followed by inexpensive plastic versions such as the Pronto and One-Step.
In addition to these there were of course a variety of technical and professional films as well as some instant developing movie film formats.

  Above: Poloroid Pack Film 

  It is almost impossible to overestimate the effect that the Polaroid camera had on amateur pornography,a realm previously confined to photographers with access to expensive developing equipment and chemistry. It may also be difficult if not impossible to overestimate the effect this market had on the incredible popularity of the cameras: as a friend of mine recently put it, "Was a Polaroid ever used for anything else?". Of course the invention of digital photography rendered the Polaroid virtually obsolete outside of the realm of art photographers; in 2007 they stopped producing cameras and in 2009 the company stopped producing film (today Polaroid compatible pack film is available from Fuji and The Impossible Project). 

  Above: More series 100/660 

In her blog Nekkid, Poly Amory writes:

"While the personal, private nature is one common characteristic between the Polaroid and digital photo, the opportunity for mass exposure is where the two forms differ greatly.  The chances of a Polaroid being mailed off, printed and seen en masse was highly unlikely.  The amateur nude model/photographer of the 80s needed only worry about the possible embarrassment of a parent or child stumbling upon the shoebox in which the nudes were stored.  The amateur of the digital age has a whole different bag of worries.  Nowadays, it's become all too likely to open a gossip page or online news page and find the text/email/FB message/Twitpic bearing the nude likeness of a celebrity or politician.  And, with sites like Amateurs Gone Wild, even the average person stands a chance at/risk of being posted for millions to see."

"Even though they generally bare the same poses and images, the Polaroid nude and the digital nude have a wholly different feel.  There is a certain innocence behind the Polaroid that does not exist with its digital counterpart.  The intent is lost and the possible consequence takes on the major role.  There is a risk in the digital nude that was more minute in the instant nudes of the past.  Perhaps this adds a new allure, but it definitely sets the two categories apart."

 Mixed Pack Film formats, above and below

 There are of course literally thousands of these images online now, many of them scanned from pictures found far from their origins; the girlfriends and wives forever anonymous, frozen in that one second of time. On the one hand I have to wonder what some of them would think- these ordinary people, now cast out before the masses (all of these photos are already in the public domain, none of them are original to this article) and baring it all it in what was probably originally intended as a private moment. On the other hand they were also sent in to men's magazines and adult singles ads by the truckload, so the exhibitionist nature of many of them is undeniable.
In either case, I can't help but to be drawn to the spontaneity of the medium. They're often unposed and rarely serious. And that, to me, gives them a particular beauty that can't be reproduced in a professional setting. They portray sexuality as it should be: fun, celebratory and -again- spontaneous.

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Update 06/23/12:

It's been awhile since this was posted, but it's remained popular (wonder why? ;)
Anyway, a reader from "Down Under" has kindly contributed a few more personal pics to the collection. If you have some dusty old instant prints laying around that are obviously female, adult (NO MINORS, PERIOD), and relatively tasteful drop me an email and I'll post them at my discretion.
Thanks :)

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References:
pornaloid blog at tumblr.com
Polaroids and the InstaNude
The Land List: Polaroid Film Index
Polaroid at the Camerapedia
Edward Land article (Investor's Business Daily)
Polaroid past is present. 
Polaroid Camera Manuals
An "Unusual" Book Find